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A Grandfather's Gift:
​From the Underground Railroad to Thoughts on Race


Map: Compiled from "The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom" by Willbur H. Siebert Wilbur H. Siebert, The Macmillan Company, 1898.[1], Public Domain.
If you are new to this site, please click here to read the story behind A Grandfather's Gift.

What Ancient Native Americans Knew

7/1/2021

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My heart swelled with relief and pride, as our President Biden attended this year's G7 Conference, held in Cornwall, United Kingdom. We are again a nation concerned with the environment, and committed to working with the distinguished representatives of the 6 other member countries. 
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Greta Thunberg, the Swedish environmental activist, admonished world leaders for failing to address the urgency of climate change. Her organization, Fridays for Future, is a youth-led group that fights for more equitable and powerful laws regarding climate and the environment. She is right to admonish all nations for not doing enough to deal with climate change. And, we should be ashamed of ourselves.
Planning for future generations is not a new concept, by any means. In fact, the Seventh Generation plan developed by the ancient Iroquois Haudenosaunee became the guiding principle by which the tribes governed. 

Dating back to at least 1500 AD, the Seventh Generation principle, also called The Great Law, became the social, political and ceremonial fabric of the Five (later Six) Nation Confederacy. In fact, the American Constitution contains contributions from The Great Law, possibly thanks to Ben Franklin, who greatly admired the way the Haudenosaunee governed.

The Seventh Generation Principle in modern times is often brought up when decisions about water, natural resources and energy are made whether participants realize it or not. How will what we do today affect later generations? The idea that what we do now impacts future generations is an ancient one. 

The following brief, but engaging video further explains how Native Americans lived to honor people "seven generations" into the future using the Seven Generations Rule. 

Coming soon: Other ways early Native American principles not only impacted our past, but teach us about the future as well. 
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Kizzmekia Corbett & the Fight Against Vaccine Hesitancy

6/8/2021

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Guest post by Kristine Schwartzman
 “Vaccines have the potential to be the equalizer of health disparities, especially around infectious diseases. I could never sleep at night if I developed anything — if any product of my science came out — and it did not equally benefit the people that look like me. Period.” - Kizzmekia Corbett, Immunologist
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Kizzmekia Corbett, Imunologist

Kizzmekia Corbett is an immunologist at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). She is one of the many scientists who worked in collaboration with biotech firm Moderna to develop a COVID-19 vaccine now used around the world.

Her role in developing a vaccine to fight COVID-19 began in early 2020. But, her current challenge in that fight is nearly as important. As a Black scientist, Corbett understands all too well the vaccine hesitancy of people of color.

Medical research consistently exploited Black communities in particular. You only have to look back as recently as the 1970s, when conducting a long-term study that began in the 1930s, doctors withheld syphilis treatment from hundreds of Black men in Tuskegee, Alabama without their knowledge.

Or, look at the massive amounts of research and curatives that resulted from the cells of Henrietta Lacks, a Black woman who died of cancer. Neither she, nor her family, were asked permission for her cells to be used in research or received any type of monetary compensation until recent attempts at reparations came forth.


Kizzmekia Corbett is in a unique position to reach out to communities of color. She knows exactly what’s in the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as the undeniable history of medical research exploitation. She understands. But, as she says in an interview with Nature.com:

“I have studied health disparities since I was in college. I’m a double major in sociology. I understand the intricate interlacing of science and health, particularly for disparities, and particularly for people of color. So it’s near and dear to my heart. It’s actually the reason vaccine development is important to me, and is where I chose to take my viral-immunology career.”

How does Kizzmekia Corbett see her role now?

“My role is to deliver science in a digestible fashion. When I present a bar chart, I say, “This is the axis, and this is what you’re seeing, and this is how it was tested.” So, the goal is that eventually people see enough of this, and we get to a point where we don’t have to do that anymore.” - Kizzmekia Corbett, interview with Nature.com.
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Soldiers of a Different Kind

5/28/2021

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Nancy Kendall’s parents died of typhoid in two short days. They left a family of young children behind. Over the centuries, plagues like typhoid, yellow fever, smallpox, cholera and many other scourges literally wiped out entire masses of people, leaving devastation in their wake.
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In an earlier post, We Heard the Bells, I mentioned Dr. Johan Hultin and his incredible journey to discover and research the virus strain responsible for the deaths of millions during the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. It took decades of persistence for Dr. Hultin to finally succeed in capturing and studying live virus tissue. 

Of course, he is not alone in his mission to protect the human race from deadly disease. It’s because of people like Dr. Hultin, Dr. Fauci and other dedicated scientists that many of mankind’s deadliest diseases are now nearly eradicated - all because we have vaccines that came out of their meticulous research. 

The CDC lists 14 Diseases You Almost Forgot About due to vaccine development. The list includes polio, tetanus, mumps and chicken pox. The complete U.S. vaccine list includes vaccines against cholera, diphtheria, small pox, tuberculosis, yellow fever and typhoid, the disease that killed Nancy Kendall’s parents.

Some advancements in the science of health and prevention take years of scientific detective work. Others, like Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, are accidents.
 

After coming home from a holiday with his family, Fleming, who was studying staphylococcus, a bacterium that causes boils, abscesses and sore throats, was surprised to discover a blob of mold in one of the petri dishes. What’s more, the area around the mold was completely clear of bacterium. He dubbed his discovery “mold juice.” This accidental discovery saved, and continues to save the lives of millions.

I recently listened to an Audible podcast narrated by Alan Alda entitled, “Soldiers of Science.” 

Synopsis:
“It’s the height of the Vietnam War when a new generation of doctors, including a young Dr. Anthony Fauci, arrive at the National Institutes of Health as part of the doctor’s draft. What happens next is a hidden history of American medicine that could not be more revelatory or prescient.”
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Audible subscribers can listen here. If you’re a non-subscriber, listen free with a trial subscription. It’s a fascinating story. 
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The Price of Courage

3/15/2021

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As I follow the life of my great-great-grandmother, Nancy Kendall and her husband, Andrew, I am profoundly affected by the dangers that the work of a single dissident, or a group of dissidents faces. That kind of courageous behavior takes great strength of character and a deep love of fellow human beings.

The penalties for helping the enslaved were very real for freedom seekers and helpers alike. To take a stand for an issue which causes pain and hardship to other humans, even if the tide of society may be part of that condition is difficult, and frightening.


Nancy's parents raised her to act when she saw injustice. The Jones family and, after Nancy and Andrew married, the Kendall family were often "on the run" during the years when enslaving persons was in full swing. Slavery was a key factor in the country's growth in the 1800s and long before. The Jones and Kendall families were but a few of the thousands who abhorred slavery and assisted the enslaved as they sought freedom. 
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Mstislav Rostropovich with wife Galina Vishnevskaya, 1965. Prints and Photographs Division/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital file no. LC-USZ62-115062)
A friend in my local poetry society recently mentioned a painting of Mstislav Rostropovich, (1921-2007), which hangs on her living room wall. Not only was he one of the greatest cellists who ever lived, he was known for his activism in Russia, much to his peril. When the Berlin Wall went down, Rostropovich took a chair and his cellos, sat amid the rubble and played Bach. I love that.

And, I will never forget my experience of studying under David Dellinger of the Chicago 7 in 1975. A new film called "The Trial of the Chicago 7" about the group's activism during the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago and subsequent trial tells the story. I recommend it. 
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The Trial of the Chicago 7
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President Biden - What a Relief!

2/2/2021

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Let me say that again ─ President Biden.
 
It feels so good.  
 
A day or two before Inauguration day, I was so worried about then President-elect Joe Biden's safety I actually wondered if I should email Rachel Maddow. I wanted to ask Ms. Maddow to call Dr. Biden and urge her to encourage her husband to have an indoor ceremony. Roosevelt did that once. Of course, I didn't. I was that worried, though.
 
Having recently read the book and talked about "Lincoln on the Verge" detailing Lincoln's 13-day trip to D.C. from Illinois, I couldn't help but think about the similarities. People wanted to kill Lincoln. The trip was a nightmare for those responsible for his safety. He kept getting out off the train to talk to the people. But, he made it.
​I remember watching President Obama and his family on the customary "walk down the street" to the White House after his inauguration. "Get back in the car," I urged. And, here we were again. Eighty-one million of us voted for Joseph Biden. He is our president. As he, Dr. Biden and members of their family "walked down the street," I silently wished them back in the car.
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High Expectations

We all have high expectations of the Biden presidency. We're relieved, yes, but we also expect a lot from his administration. As Jesus said in the film, "Jesus Christ Superstar," ─ "I'm just one man," ─ so Joseph R. Biden is just one man.  (I just had to throw a film reference in here. Cut me a little slack.)
 
President Biden knows better than anyone what needs to be done. He surrounded himself with a superb group of gifted people to help him move the country forward. He is the most qualified man on the face of the earth to step into this presidency. Hands down.
 
Still, he is just one man. We need to remind ourselves of the importance of teamwork, and temper a tendency to expect the President to be a knight in shining armor on a white horse coming to our rescue. We have to work with Joseph Biden and Kamala Harris to repair the damage of the last four years and "build back better." President Biden needs our help. We can't let him down.
From Kristine: If you missed the inauguration, my last blog post covers a few of the highlights. Click here to read "It's a New Day."
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Kamala Harris: The Many Firsts

12/7/2020

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Guest Post by Kristine Schwartzman
Moments like these don't often come along. But, the election of Kamala Harris as Vice President is full of historic firsts that will forever change the political landscape in the United States.

Vice President-elect Harris will not only be the first woman to serve in that capacity, but also the first Asian American, and first Black Vice President. The significance of her candidacy and election inspired women and girls across the country.
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Five-year-old Andrea Richardson-George watched Kamala Harris, wearing a white Suffragist suit, give her victory speech after the election. According to her mother, Ashley Richardson-George, Andrea ran into her bedroom and came back wearing a white dress and sweater. "So, for her," Ms. Richardson-George said, "she was like, 'I can be president.' So to see that glimmer in her eyes as a parent, it really is powerful to me as her mom." Source: AP News, "Kamala Harris win inspires women and girls nationwide"

It's not just younger women who are inspired. Women of every age, many of whom waited a long time for this moment are moved by Harris's historic win.
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“I never imagined as a child growing up in the ‘50s, that I would see a woman of color as a vice presidential nominee,” 75-year-old New Yorker Judith Komaki explains. “To actually see Kamala, a woman and a person of color, ascend to this position—it opens up a dream that I had never anticipated or aspired to. It just makes my heart sing.” Source: Time Magazine, "The Historic Barriers Kamala Harris Overcame to Become the First Female, First Black and First Asian American Vice-President Elect"

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Michigan Sen. Debbie Stabenow, right, takes a picture of Vice President-elect Kamala Harris posing for a photo on Sept. 22, 2020 with Egypt Otis and her nine-year-old daughter Eva Allen in front of their downtown Flint, Mich., bookstore, the Comma Bookstore & Social Hub. For countless women and girls, Harris' achievement of reaching the second highest office in the country represents hope, validation and the shattering of a proverbial glass ceiling that has kept mostly white men perched at the top tiers of American government. “My daughter is going to be a part of history because she had the opportunity to have a conversation with our first Black woman vice president,” said Otis. “It just shows you how important representation is." (AP Photo/Katrease Stafford)
Note from Kristine: Thank you for reading. My latest blog post, "I am Speaking," discusses the significance of Kamala Harris's election and other historic firsts of the new administration.
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The Free Soil Party Comes to Town

10/20/2020

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Nancy Kendall's description of Mr. McDonald's visit.
" ... a man by the name of MC Donald Came Round. Soliciting Subscribers to his Paper Annouced he would Lecture on Freesoilism and some of the Citizens Said if he did they would Egg him. He came on they were there with their basked of Eggs 4 or 5 of them it was Warm Weather. Stoped with Prairy Team. Stoped in front of the door with their Whips in their hand ..."  - from the Journal of Nancy Kendall*
The Free-Soil Party was a short-lived but influential political party in the pre-Civil War era. The Party opposed extending slavery to the quickly growing western American territories. The party slogan called for "free soil, free speech, free labor and free men."

The news of Mr. McDonald's visit caused considerable consternation among Nancy Kendall's neighbors. With whips and eggs in hand, Mr. McDonald's visit could have led to violence. But, as Nancy continues her story, an interesting dynamic occurred. 

Mr. McDonald arrived at the crowded meeting house and, instead of going inside, he stayed in the doorway so those inside and outside could hear his words. In Nancy's words, "he talked about an hour ther were no Eggs thrown no disturbance of any kind."*

The Free-Soil Party held a state convention in Washington, Iowa, as well. Hoping for a modest turnout, attendance reached far beyond expectations. Nancy cooked "dinner and supper" for 17 people.  Mr. McDonald gave a presentation and many in attendance subscribed to his newspaper.
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Description of the Free Soil Party Convention
The head of the Free-Soil Party was Henry Stanton, husband of the suffragette, Susan Cady Stanton. Other well-known abolitionists active in the Free-Soil party included Frederick Douglas, the Beecher family, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Walt Whitman and John Greenleaf Whittier. The Free-Soil Party enjoyed brief revivals in 2014 and gained attention again in 2019. ​
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A Free Soil Party Banner from 1848
*Transcribed from Nancy Kendall's journal with original spellings and punctuation.
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Otis Moss, Sr. and the Privilege of Voting

9/2/2020

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During one of her shows, Oprah Winfrey told one of the sweetest stories about a pastor she knows named Otis Moss, Jr. His father, Otis Moss, Sr. was a poor sharecropper. 

When Otis Moss, Sr. learned that black men had won the right to vote, he was thrilled. When voting day rolled around that year, Mr. Moss, elderly by then, got up in the morning, put on his best suit, and walked the 6 miles to the polling place. 

As he got to what he had been told was the proper voting place, they told him he had to go to another polling place. It was another 6 miles down the road. He walked that distance, only to be told again he had to vote at another location. 
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He set out for that polling place, and when he arrived, he found the door closed. Mr. Moss was too late to vote. He walked 19 miles by the time he returned home and was grievously disappointed that he had not been able to vote. When election day came around the next year, Otis Moss Sr. had died.

PictureArtist Alfred Rudolph Waud depicted "The First Vote" of African Americans in Virginia in November 16, 1867, issue of Harper's Weekly magazine.
Whenever I think of this true story, I tear up, and it takes me a while before I can get the image of this dear, conscientious man walking the 19 miles that day to vote. To him, and so many of our wonderful citizens who waited so long for the privilege, making every effort to cast their vote was an honor many thought they would never see. 

I wonder how many of us really feel that level of honor and privilege when we vote. Many, I hope. For it is a privilege, as nobody knows better than one who has waited so long to exercise their hard-fought right, when they should, indeed, have never been denied in the first place.
​Bless them, bless them. There Mr. Moss was, dressed in his Sunday best suit, who walked 19 miles to vote. He was not alone.

Oprah Winfrey tells the story here: 


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Harriet Tubman: In Life & Film

8/26/2020

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PictureCynthia Erivo as Harriet Tubman
The recently released film, Harriet, about the life of Harriet Tubman, was beautifully done and certainly worthy of the awards it received. 

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Harriet Tubman's life is probably our richest source of information about the details of the flights of enslaved persons. Even in her own time, she was known for her remarkable work and bravery. 
 
As the film tells the story, Harriet's first flight to freedom, done partially with help from the pastor of her home church, she did alone. At a time when most slaves either escaped in small groups or were young men fleeing alone, Harriet did not let her gender keep her from freedom.
 
It seems almost unbelievable that she went back so many times to help others escape.  It was such a perilous undertaking. I am amazed this remarkable woman survived.   

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The movie does help us understand some little known ways and methods used to aid fugitives. Early in the film, Harriet decided to return for her husband and children and is told that she might get help from men who made the journey back and forth on boats, helping people where they could. It was with their help that she reconnected with her husband. I will not be a spoiler. You will have to watch to learn what happens next.
     
Harriet, who had been known as Araminta Ross when a slave on the plantation, had actually grown up, as many did, along with their white master’s children. Some of those relationships over those years, were deep and true, despite the differences in stations. 
 
Harriet Tubman, called the Moses of her people, never learned to read. But, some slaves did because of the close relationships that developed with the children in the household. Nancy Kendall speaks of one such young woman. The 25-year-old woman arrived at the Kendall home one night exhausted and cold. 
 
Nancy asked her why she was being so heavily pursued. The woman explained she had been a house "girl" for a family with two young daughters. The girls thought highly of her and taught her to read. When their father found out his house "girl" could read, he made plans to sell her for $1000. Apparently the ability to read added to her "value." 
 
The two young daughters, who were 16 and 18 at the time, warned their friend of what was about to happen, and she fled. Nancy Kendall writes, "When I See the Intellect that Girl Seemed to have it Was too bad and unjust for any one to Say they are not Capable of learning an Couldent manage business."*

Nancy asked the young woman if she would write to her from Canada to let her know she was safe. "About a Month After She Was here I got a letter from her," Nancy writes.*

Cynthia Erivo plays Harriet Tubman in the film. As with most life stories on the big screen, the timeline of events and a few of the side stories are not completely accurate. But film has a wonderful way of making us feel part of something bigger. And, making us want to know more.

* Spellings and wording as transcribed from Nancy Kendall's journal.​

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    Nancy Jean

    Nancy Jean is a woman of several lives and careers, including school teacher, homemaker, parent, amateur musician and writer. ​Read more...

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